Methods of Birth Control and Abortion

The combination pill, a form of hormonal contraception, works by suppressing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, and altering the uterine lining, effectively preventing pregnancy.

It regulates the menstrual cycle, reduces cramps and PMS symptoms, and may offer health benefits such as lowering the risk of ovarian cysts and certain cancers. While highly effective when used correctly, it requires daily consistency for optimal protection and provides no protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs), encompassing intrauterine devices (IUDs) and contraceptive implants, work by either releasing hormones or creating a hostile environment for sperm, effectively preventing pregnancy. With a failure rate of less than 1%, LARCs provide continuous protection for several years and offer benefits such as reducing menstrual bleeding and cramping. However, they may entail side effects like irregular bleeding, headaches, and mood changes, and insertion and removal require a healthcare provider. Despite initial discomfort during insertion and potential side effects, LARCs remain highly effective, long-lasting, and reversible contraceptive options, making them convenient choices for many individuals seeking reliable birth control.

Attitudes towards contraception significantly influence adolescents and college students, impacting their social, educational, and psychological well-being. Positive attitudes correlate with better access to sexual education and contraceptive services, promoting responsible contraceptive use and reducing the risk of unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, negative attitudes may limit access and increase the likelihood of unintended pregnancies. Stigmatization can lead to feelings of shame and anxiety, while acceptance fosters confidence in sexual health decision-making.

Surgical abortion procedures, including vacuum aspiration, dilation and evacuation (D&E), and dilation and curettage (D&C), involve the removal of uterine contents to terminate pregnancy, typically performed by healthcare providers in clinical settings. Conversely, medication abortion utilizes mifepristone and misoprostol to induce a miscarriage-like process, effective for pregnancies up to 10 weeks gestation and often administered at home with follow-up care. The stigma surrounding abortion can have profound psychological effects, including internalized shame, fear of judgment and isolation, secrecy hindering social support, delayed help-seeking behavior, challenges to identity and self-worth.